Sunday, January 26, 2020

Total viable count

Total viable count Microbiology practical: Total and viable counts of microorganisms Abstract: Introduction: Total and viable counts of microorganisms There are several methods for determining total and viable counts of microorganisms Total Cell counting is used Viable counting are used Details of uses of cell counting, including their advantages and disadvantages. There are several methods for determining total and viable counts of microorganisms Include other methods and include references to your source Brief detail of your actual experiment, mentioning the organism and which techniques will be used Total Viable Count This involves counting the colonies produced by viable cells under favourable growth conditions. In pour-plate method, an aliquot of suitably diluted sample is mixed with nutrient agar at a temperature where it is liquid. Then the mixture is poured into petridishes and allowed to set. Alternatively an aliquot of the sample is spread over the agar surface of a Petridis using a sterile spreader. Membrane filters can also be used to determine the bacterial numbers. In this method cells are filtered onto membrane filter which is then placed over nutrient agar surface. Total Cell Count The most common method of enumerating the total microbial cells is the direct counting of cell suspension in a counting chamber of known volume using a microscope. One such counting chamber is Neubauer counting chamber. Another method involves an electronic instrument, Coulter counter. http://www.microbiologyprocedure.com/aquatic-environment-microbiology/total-cell-count.htm http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon//biol4038.htm http://www.rapidmicrobiology.com/test-methods/Total-Viable-Count.php http://www.biochemj.org/bj/021/0104/0210104.pdf Materials and methods: 1 ) A pour plate method using viable count: Explain the procedure where cells crosses gridlines of the haemocytometer Discussion In this discussion you should discuss the errors associated with measurement of viability. Discuss ways of improving the experiment and whether this could be achieved with the material provided The experiment could be improved by: Transferring the diluted solution quicker to the agar plate, so that the plate will not get contaminated by the air. The experiment could be repeated more than 3 times for a reliable test The main source of error occurred during experiment was leaving the agar plate lid open to transfer the dilutions for a long time which could of contaminated the agar plate by air. (Madigan, 2009) Reference: Madigan, M. C. (2009). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (12th edition ed.). San Francisco: Pearson international Education.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Development of Children and Young People Between Birth to 19 Essay

From six months onwards a child learns to sit up using support until they can manage without any support and eventually learning to crawl or shuffling on their bottoms. They are able to rollover from their tummies on to their backs and vice versa. They start to hold on to furniture learning how to walk along or by using the aid of a baby walker, up until they gain the confidence to walk alone. Their hand and eye coordination improves as they learn to pass an object from one hand to another, and begin to show preference for one hand. They learn to play with bricks. Firstly banging them together to being able to build towers, eventually building larger towers. By the age of two children will have learnt how to sit, walk, feed themselves and they will have moved from eating soft mashed food to eating solids, as sign of their teeth will be clearly visible. They will have learnt to kick and throw a ball. They will be able to grasp a pencil to make scribble on paper. From three to seven a child is more independent. Learning how to jump, climb, catch and walk up and down stairs confidently. They learn to pedal and eventually ride a bike without support. Using their fine motor skills to hold and use a pair of scissors, able to gain control of a pencil. Increasing in their writing skill. Can also fasten and undo buttons and shoe laces. From the age seven to twelve years a child will progress in running, jumping skipping and enjoying playing games as a team, even though they may misjudge their ability until the age of nine. Between twelve and nineteen a child goes from childhood into adulthood. This is referred to the adolescences stage. This starts from the age of 11 up until the age of 19 or 20. It’s the stage that teenagers learn to detach from their parents and become more independent. Every child rate of growth is different. Boys normally begin adolescence around the age of 14 year, which is later than girls, even though by the end they are usually bigger than girls. They will develop body hair as their body shape changes, their muscles begin to grow, increasing their strength. Their voice will change and become deeper. In the early stages to mid stages of puberty testicles and scrotum will begin to grow. Penis growth starts later but continues for longer. Girl’s breasts start to swell from around the age of 10. They will also develop hair in the pubic region that will become dark and curly. Their body shape will change. Some girls may be physically mature by the age of 13. This is dependent on the age at which she begins puberty, which varies, ranging from 8 until late teens. The average age for girls of menstruation is around 13. Social and emotional development. From birth to about one year old a child mainly communicates through facial expressions such as smiling at familiar faces. A child of this is very dependant and requires comfort from an adult. They recognise familiar faces and get distressed when separated from a parent. They enjoy interacting and playing games such as peek-a-boo and they gradually develop a sense of identity and want to do things for them self. They easily get jealous when attention is not given to them and try to please adults. Temper tantrums start when not being given what they want or not wanting to share toys. From three to four years a child is more self-motivated and is able to cope with unfamiliar settings and adults. They know how to share, becoming considerate and caring of other feelings. They enjoy playing with other children. Between four and seven a child is able to make friends but still finds it difficult to take turns and needs help resolving problems. By this age a child should have a stable environment and routine, they need to have limits set. By the age of seven a child becomes less dependant. Starting to enjoy playing with other children. They become aware of their gender and develop understanding between right and wrong. By the age of eight they develop a close friendship and enjoy playing with the same sex. By twelve they can start to show arrogance and bossiness and are uncertain sometimes. By the time a child reaches the teenage years they are very self-conscious. As their body shape is changing and odours make occur, acne may develop due to oily skin. They begin to follow peer groups in the way they dress having labelled clothing, collecting the same things playing the same games. They turn to their friend and not to their parents for approval. They begin to question certain aspects of life such as parental and community values and beliefs. Intellectual development A child between the ages of birth to three is more confident but still needs an adults support. They enjoy copying others and trying out different ways of behaviour in play. They realise that others are spate people from themselves. From three to four a child learns to understand two or three simple tasks that they are given to do such as pick up the toys put them in back in the box and put the box where it belongs. They begin to realise the difference between objects, size and type and are able to group these together. From five to seven they learn to understand that there is differences and sameness in various aspects in life and that differences can co exist side by side and are able look at things from different perspectives. By the age of seven, children are able to read to themselves and will take a lively interest in certain subject by the age of nine. During the adolescence stage the mind is maturing as young people begin to develop a sense of responsibility for their thoughts, words and actions. They begin to plan about their future and what line of work they want to be in? If they want to get married and have children? They gain the ability to make a link between different pieces of knowledge and the ability to make links of these with the world from their perspective. This stage depends on the guidance given to young people in respects to helping the brain. A young person learns to take the responsibility for his or her own fiances, accommodation, employment and personal realationshops. This reaches completion as the responsibility from parent transfers to the young person. Language development From the early stages in life a child is able to make a lot different sounds. They begin to babble. Laughing and squealing when they are happy and cry to show emotion. They respond to music and sounds. Trying to imitate a parents face especially the mouth. Between one and two years a child learns to use single words to joining them up to make phrases. They begin to understand parents and try and copy them. By the age of two a child’s vocabulary can be anything from 30 to 150 words. By the time they are three a child can use words to form a sentence and begin to ask questions. They are able to memorise rhymes and songs and are able to join in and are able to scribble on paper. From three to four a child starts to use past tense and is able to use a different pitch or tone of voice. Their vocabulary extends between 1000 to 1500 word. From five upwards their questions become more complex as they use language to communicate their ideas. The pencil control improves. As they copy shapes and letters. By the age of seven they are able to speak fluently and make up stories. They begin to understand letters and link them to sounds. A child of twelve years is able to describe complicated scenarios. They need help in tackling complex spellings and learning the different tense of grammar. They are able read out aloud. From twelve on to nineteen years a young person begins to use sarcasm, joking and mockery as it is new and sophisticated language for them. They are maturing and enjoy using their thought to debate whether it is formal or informal.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Definitions of Research Paper Writing Tools

Definitions of Research Paper Writing Tools Research Paper Writing Tools Secrets That No One Else Knows About By reading the samples, you will have the ability to assess the caliber of the academic writers and find a notion about how they'll be approaching your paper. You can't concentrate on all assignments simultaneously, but it is a whole lot simpler and faster to compose an essay when you experience an illustration of the way that it ought to be accomplished. For instance, you could hire somebody to do the research (by simply purchasing a paper) find the literature needed for your topic and after that you could proceed with the writing. Though some may come across a writing guide a little confusing it's still encouraged that you do so for it really helps. The action of writing a research paper is something which every researcher has to do, but not everybody understands the best way to do it effectively. For your work to be accepted in the area of academia, it is extremely critical for you to structure your paper according to a specific research writing format whether it's an MLA or APA writing style. Academic work needs a lot of observing certain rules like the written in addition to unwritten obligations to respect intellectual honesty. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Research Paper Writing Tools Frequently the software will give a list of correct spellings to select from. Commitment has become the most important tool Now you have the proper apps and websites that can help you compose that paper, it's time to do the true work. You already understand what things to search for in a software tool. Splitting the procedure for development into stages could possibly be simplifying what actually occurs. Research Paper Writing Too ls Explained Evaluate your paper meticulously and make sure you have included all of the important points. At any time you use information that isn't your own in your paper, you must incorporate an in-text, or parenthetical, citation. You should also consider whether the paper is argumentative, analytical, or among the other types. Nobody can write a great paper in 1 draft on the evening before the paper is due. Nowadays you've written up your research paper, you will need to do a small editing and proofreading to guarantee the finished product achieves the grade you're searching for. To help filter the information which you have found for your research paper, you will need to assess its quality. Some research doesn't necessarily belong to your paper. If you would like to acquire high excellent research and thesis papers punctually and for an affordable price, you should probably attempt using EssaySupply.com. You're right, but should you wish to present at conferences you need to swallow it. Be certain your topic meets the needs of your assignment, and in case you have questions be certain to check with your instructor. You can make and join research groups to concentrate on any topic your pick. You have to pick research that is suitable to the topic. Information should be organized and has to flow logically for readers to comprehend the point of your research. Writing is among the toughest and most rewarding of all scholarly pursuits. Writing papers is among the critical tasks in your PhD. Your attitude to the topic may well decide on the amount of work and enthusiasm which you put into your research. If you're permitted to choose your own topic, choose something which is of interest to you. Imagine, the individual who's going to look at your assignment is way experienced than you. A skilled and trustworthy assignment writing service is going to have professional looking website if they're really out for business.

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

The Importance Of Special Education Curriculum And...

A. Knowledge of Special Education Curriculum and Instruction In this section I will discuss how the principal’s knowledge of special education curriculum and instruction can influence the instructional leadership of the school. When the principal is knowledgeable in special education curriculum and instruction, he/she can provide more thorough understanding to regular education teachers who are striving to provide adequate accommodations. For example, our principal asked the lead special education teacher to provide five to six common accommodations amongst all IEP students that teachers can utilize to reinforce their instruction and make adequate accommodations for these students. Thus in turn, providing them with the best opportunity to be successful on assessments and class work. The principal may also be able to suggest better methods of working with a student who has an IEP. Finally, a principal who knows what works for a student with an IEP will be able to help all teachers work with the student in a positive manner and ultim ately, help the student learn more than if the knowledge wasn’t used. If all teachers will accommodate and use effective instructional strategies similar across the board, then individual needs of students will be met in an effective manner thus increasing the chance for success. A1. Personal Leadership Style in Special Education Programming My personal leadership style is that of participative. I believe that it is extremelyShow MoreRelatedArticle Review: Differentiating Curriculum and Instruction for English-Language Learners with Special Needs969 Words   |  4 PagesDifferentiating Curriculum and Instruction for English-Language Learners with Special Needs by John J. Hoover and James R. Patton. The stated purpose of the article is teaching and curriculum, specifically the need to adapt both for ELLs who are exceptional. This article gave suggestions of how best to adapt teaching methods and curriculum to the needs of ELLs, as well as how to solve problems that may arise. The article opened by discussing some major problems ELLs have in the education system, specificallyRead MoreInstructional Strategies For Students With Intellectual Disabilities771 Words   |  4 PagesThe third research sub-question in this study described special education teachers’ instructional strategies for using the iPad as an instructional tool to enhance the teaching and learning process for elementary learners with intellectual disabilities. Students with intellectual disabilities poses a vast range of challenges to special education teachers when using the iPad as an instructional tool to enhance the teaching and learning process in classrooms. Using the iPad as an instructional toolRead MoreDesigning Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment for Students with Special Needs Reflection647 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout this course I have learned to become familiar with general characteristics of all learning disabilites along with where to locate additional infor mation if needed, how to create, adapt and modify curriculum, instruction and assessments to provide optimal learning for students with special needs, and how to implement and follow a behavioral management plan. Familiraizing myself with the nature and characteristics of different types of learning disabilites has allowed me to develop empathyRead MoreCurriculum Strengths and Weaknesses1333 Words   |  6 PagesThe curriculum that I have chosen is the K-12 Physical Education curriculum of a school in the United States. The strengths and weaknesses of the curriculum were assessed and are explained below. Besides this, recommendations are also provided for improving the physical education curriculum of the school. Strengths and weaknesses of the school physical education program The school-community environment was examined and the quality of the environment was considered to be moderately strong. TheRead MoreChildhood Education : Early Childhood Special Education Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages Early Childhood Special education Name: Institution: Early Childhood Special education 1-The role of play in learning in early childhood Special Education Play is usually a natural activity in early childhood and has significant importance in early childhood special education. Play assists in enhancing the children social competence, creativity, language development, and their thinking skills. Play is usually the key vehicle for the developing of language, social skulls in youngRead MoreThe Diversity Of Student Populations907 Words   |  4 PagesThe article by Brant (2013) discusses the importance of the ways teachers and teacher educators act towards multicultural education. The study discussed pre service social studies teachers’ understanding of multicultural education. The study was based on of the ten themes of standards by the National Curriculum for Social Studies. Sixty-nine pre service teachers from a university completed a survey to rate how they understood various multicultural education terms and their self-efficacy towards workingRead MoreUnderstanding Special Education Essay example1239 Words   |  5 Pages Understanding Special Education Introduction Education is a birthright of every child. Special education involves the education of students with special needs in a way that addresses a students’ individual disabilities and requirements. These programs are designed so that special learners may learn skills which will assist them in coming closer in learning to children without disabilities. The field of special education has moved from a perspective of protection and caretaking to an emphasis onRead MoreArticle Summary of Teaching All Learners As If They Are Special727 Words   |  3 PagesArticle Summary: Teaching All Learners as if they are Special Introduction This article, published in 2002 by Nancy Gadbow, examines some of the issues experienced by adult learners with special needs. The author asserts the concept of diversity should include special needs and differences in terms of disability, ethnicity, culture, language, age, gender, experience, and geography. Furthermore in order to give each person equal access to the curriculum a range of instructional approaches and technologiesRead MoreA Curriculum Analysis Of The Glencoe Mcgraw Hill Texas Treasure Literature Curriculum Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesA Curriculum Analysis of the Glencoe McGraw-Hill Texas Treasure Literature Curriculum The Texas Treasure Literature Curriculum is published by Glencoe McGraw-Hill, and based on the information provided from their website and textbooks, I discovered the authorship team includes senior program consultants, program consultants, special consultants, Glencoe’s National Reading and Language Arts Advisory Council, and a Texas Advisory Board. Most of these members hold Ph.D.’s in fields such as ReadingRead MoreMy Interview With The Director Of Special Services993 Words   |  4 PagesMy interview with the Director of Special services provided me with a unique viewpoint related to our student learning problem, both from the perspective of current district-wide policies and their influence on the current state of things and potential improvement plans, and the reasons that the CSI department is encountering difficulties. As far as current district-wide policies, Dr. Caliso stressed that our district has been, and will continue to be â€Å"very liberal in providing support for students